Located in Thrace, Adrianople was the second city of the Byzantine Empire and a strategically vital stronghold. It was seized briefly by Frederick Barbarossa during the Third Crusade after Emperor Isaac II cut off supplies to his army and imprisoned his ambassadors, forcing Byzantine capitulation. By around 1360 the city fell permanently to the Ottomans, who made it their European capital, leaving Constantinople surrounded and compelling the emperor to pay tribute to avoid siege.
What each episode says
Episode 15 (1 mention)
A major Byzantine city in Thrace occupied by Frederick Barbarossa after Isaac II provoked him by cutting off food supplies to his crusading army and imprisoning his ambassadors. Its fall forced Isaac to capitulate and release the German prisoners.
“Then he turned his army loose on Thrace and occupied the city of Adrianople.”
Episode 16 (1 mention)
The second city of the Byzantine Empire, captured by the Ottomans by 1360 and made their new European capital. Brownworth emphasizes the symbolic and strategic catastrophe: the Byzantines were now completely surrounded in an Ottoman sea, and the emperor was forced to pay tribute to avoid a siege.
“By 1360, they had conquered Adrianople, the second city of the empire, and moved their”
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